Electrical induction apparatus



Sept. 26, 1944. F V EL 2,359,174

ELECTRICAL INDUCTION APPARATUS Filed Dec. 18, 1941 r 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR Trad J V0962.

ATTORNEY ELECTRICAL INDUCTION APPARATUS Filed Dec. 18, 1941 wnuassas: 27 O Z INVENTOP Fred J l/ogeZ.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 26, 1944 ELECTRICAL INDUCTION APPARATUS Fred J. Vogel, Sharon, Pa., assignor to Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application December 18, 1941, Serial No. 423,454

5 Claims.

The invention relates to electrical induction apparatus, such as transformers, and particularly to a cooling system for large units.

The usual way of obtaining a large volume of air at low pressure head is by the use of a relatively few large blower fans from which large air ducts lead the air and discharge it through a plurality of branch ducts to apply it against the surfaces that it is desired to 0001. In a large transformer installation requiring a large volume of cooling air to be circulated, such blowers and their driving motors require considerable space in addition to the space taken up by the transformer unit itself, and there are considerable power losses due to the flow of the air through the conduits leading from the fan to the surfaces against which the air is directly applied for cooling.

In accordance with the invention, a large numher of small motor driven propeller fans are arranged in banks so that the circulating fan blades substantially cover the whole of the cooler tubes of the radiator and are arranged to blow air directly from the fan against the tubular radiator pipes. These banks of motor driven fans may be placed between the tank wall and the radiator or cooler pipes so that little or no extra space is required for them. Because the air is blown directly against the cooling pipes Without power loss resulting from directing the air through conduits, much less electrical power is required to efiect the flow of the same amount of cooling air against the radiator pipes.

It is an object of the invention to provide a cooling system for a liquid insulated and cooled electrical apparatus, such as a transformer, in which a bank or plurality of fan units is arranged to substantially cover the cooling elements of a radiator.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a radiator having horizontal pipes connected between vertical headers and to provide a motor driven pump for circulating the cooling liquid horizontally through the transformer casing and radiator and to force the cooling air either outwardlyirom the tank wall or inwardly toward the tank wall against the horizontal pipes of the radiator.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of r a preferred embodiment of the invention, reference being had to the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a transformer to which the cooling system of the invention is applied, a

Fig. 2 is a view partly in section taken along the line II II of Fig. 1,

Figs. 3 and 4 are end elevational views taken at the left and right ends, respectively, of the structure shown in Fig. 1.

In the drawings, a tank structure I is shown which may, as best shown in Fig. 2, have elongated relatively long flat side walls 2 and 3 for containing a transformer structure immersed in a cooling liquid, the structure illustrated comprising the core 4 of a shell type transformer clamped between end frames 5 and 6 through the Windows of which fiat pancake type coils are horizontally positioned and enclosed in insulating barriers 1. In the instant case, the transformer core and coil assembly is placed on its side so that the laminations of the core are vertical instead of horizontal and the flat pancake type coils are horizontal rather than vertical so that the flow of cooling oil through the ducts of the core and between the coils of the winding will flow horizontally rather than vertically in accordance with the usual arrangement.

High voltage terminal bushings H and I2 are shown mounted on one end of the tank cover, the bushing I I surrounding the high voltage line lead and the bushing 12, a neutral lead for connection to the neutral point of a three-phase system. Low voltage terminal bushings [3 are provided on the cover at the opposite end of the tank. The tank cover also supports a high voltage lightning arrester l4 and a low voltage lightning arrester l5 positioned as shown.

The cooling system is duplicated on the two sides of the tank and consists of a radiator having vertical headers l6 and 11 between which a plurality of horizontally disposed cooling pipes l8 are connected, these pipes being provided with cooling fins I9 extending outwardly from the pipe at spaced intervals along its length. The headers l6 are connected with the interior of the tank or casing I through a conduit including a motor driven pump 2| and a valve 22 which are positioned near the top of the header and tank wall to receive the hot oil from the tank into the chamber of the header Hi from which it will pass through the series of cooling pipes 18 to! th header ll. A conduit is provided between the header I l and the tank for returning the oil to the tank adjacent the bottom thereof which conduit includes the curved pipe 23 and. a valve 24.

Th entire structure is shown mounted on a base frame 25 that is mounted on wheels 26 and from which brackets 2! extend outwardly on opposite sides to support the cooling equipment "including the radiators and also a bank of individually driven electric fans 3| each provided with its individual driving motor 32. The fans of one horizontal row are mounted on a supporting channel '33 extending lengthwise of the radiator and carried by brackets 34 and 35 ex tending between the tank wall and the headers l6 and IT, respectively. It will be noted by reference to the drawings that a sufiicient number of fans are provided so that the flow of air from the blades of the several fans substantially covers the entire wall or area of the radiator so that the entire series of horizontally positioned cooling pipes extending between the headers l6 and Il receive a direct blast of air outwardly in a direction away from the tank wall. The fans are positioned between the radiator and the tank wall so that they require substantially no extra space and do not appreciably effect the overall dimensions of the transformer unit.

In a transformer of construction shown, the core and coil assembly is much smaller than in the usual transformer having the same capacity, and the tank enclosing it is correspondingly smaller so that the quantity of oil or similar insulating and cooling liquid contained in the tank is also smaller. It is, therefore, necessary to effect a greater efiiciency in the heat conductivity of the cooling liquid to maintain the apparatus at the desired temperature. This is accomplished by the forced circulation of the cooling liquid by the pumps 2| horizontally within the tank through the coolin ducts of the apparatus and again horizontally from one end to the other of the tank through the radiators, and in the provision of the very eflicient use of the bank of individually driven fans for efiecting a rapid cooling of the insulating liquid while it passes at a relatively rapid rate through the cooler pipes of the radiator. Since the cooling liquid is heated while passing substantially horizontally through the cooling ducts of the apparatus within the casing, the oil at one end of the tank or casing will be hotter than at the other end. Also, the heated oil tends to rise within the tank so that the hottest oil will be near the top of the oil level in the end of the tank toward which the oil is flowing from the apparatus enclosed therein. The oil to be cooled is taken from the tank at these points into the radiators on opposite sides of the tank and re turned to the tank near the bottom thereof at the other end after having been cooled.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications in the structure illustrated and described may be made within the spirit of my invention, and I do not wish to be limited otherwise than by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination, an electrical apparatus housed within a horizontally elongated casing containing cooling liquid therein, said electrical apparatus having coolin ducts extending substantially horizontally therethrough for guiding the flow of cooling liquid therethrough in a horizontal direction only from one end of the apparatus to the other adjacent the parts of the electrical apparatus to be cooled, a pair of vertically extending headers providing chambers along the side of the casing in communication with the interior of the casing and connected by horizontally positioned cooler pip e te ing between the headers to provide a path for circulating the cooling liquid horizontally through the casing and along the side of the casing through the cooler pipes, a pump for forcing circulation of the cooling fluid through the circulating path, and a bank of electric fans between the casing and the cooler pipes for forcing air outwardly from the casing against the cooler pipes.

2. In combination, an electrical apparatus housed Within a horizontally elongated casing containing coo-ling liquid therein, said electrical apparatus having cooling ducts extending substantially horizontally therethrough for guiding the flow of cooling liquid therethrough in a horizontal direction only from one end of the apparatus to the other adjacent the parts of the electrical apparatus to be cooled, a pair of vertically extending headers providing chambers in communication with the interior of the casing along the side thereof and closely adjacent thereto and connected by horizontally positioned cooler pipes extending between the headers to provide a path for circulating the cooling liquid horizontally through the casing and horizontally through the cooler pipes, a pump for forcing circulation of the cooling fluid through the circulating path, and a bank of electric fans for forcing air against the cooler pipes.

3. In combination. an electrical apparatus housed within an elongated casing containing cooling liquid therein, said electrical apparatus having cooling ducts extending substantially horizontally therethrough for guiding the flow of cooling liquid therethrough in a horizontal direction only from one end of the apparatus to the other adjacent the parts of the electrical apparatus to be cooled, a pair of vertically extending headers on each side of the casing providing chambers adjacent the ends thereof connected by a plurality of horizontally extending cooler pipes between the headers, passageways between the casing and the upper ends of the headers adjacent one end of the casing for conducting cooling liquid from the casing to the headers, passageways between the casing and the lower ends of the headers adjacent the other end of the casing for conducting the cooling liquid from the headers to the casing to provide a path for circulating the cooling liquid horizontally through the casing and horizontally through the cooler pipes, means for effecting forced circulation of the cooling liquid through the circulating path, and a bank of electric fans for forcing air against the cooler pipes.

4. In combination, an electrical apparatus housed within an elongated casing containing cooling liquid therein, said electrical apparatus having cooling ducts extending substantially horizontally therethrough for guiding the flow of cooling liquid therethrough in a horizontal direction only from one end of the apparatus to the other adjacent the parts of the electrical apparatus to be cooled, a pair of vertically extending headers on each side of the casing providing chambers adjacent the ends thereof connected by a plurality of horizontally extending cooler pipes between the headers, passageways between the casing and the upper ends of the headers adjacent one end of the casing for conducting cooling liquid from the casing to the headers, passageways between the casing and the lower ends of the headers adjacent the other end of the casing for conducting the cooling liquid from the a e s to the casing to provide a path for circulating the cooling liquid horizontally through the casing and horizontally through the cooler pipes, pumps in the passageways between the easing and the headers receiving fluid from the casing for forcing the fluid through the circulating path and a bank of electric fans comprising a plurality of rows of individually driven electric fans positioned between the casing and the cooler pipes for forcing atmospheric air outwardly from the casing against substantially the entire area of said cooler pipes.

5. In combination, an electrical apparatus housed within a horizontally elongated casing containing cooling liquid therein and arranged for permitting the flow of the cooling liquid only horizontally through the apparatus, a pair of vertically extending headers on each side of the casing providing chambers adjacent the ends culating the cooling liquid horizontally through the casing and horizontally through the cooler pipes, means for effecting forced circulation of the cooling liquid through the circulating path, and a bank of electric fans for forcing air against the cooler pipes.

FRED J. VOGEL. 

